{"id":1211,"date":"2019-08-17T10:09:17","date_gmt":"2019-08-17T06:39:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/azarghaltak.com\/en\/?p=1211"},"modified":"2019-08-17T10:09:17","modified_gmt":"2019-08-17T06:39:17","slug":"rolling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/azarghaltak.com\/tr\/2019\/08\/17\/rolling\/","title":{"rendered":"Rolling"},"content":{"rendered":"

In\u00a0metalworking<\/a>,\u00a0rolling<\/b>\u00a0is a\u00a0metal forming<\/a>\u00a0process in which\u00a0metal<\/a>\u00a0stock is passed through one or more pairs of\u00a0rolls<\/b>\u00a0to reduce the thickness and to make the thickness uniform. The concept is similar to\u00a0the rolling of dough<\/a>. Rolling is classified according to the temperature of the metal rolled. If the temperature of the metal is above its\u00a0recrystallization<\/a>\u00a0temperature, then the process is known as\u00a0hot rolling<\/b>. If the temperature of the metal is below its recrystallization temperature, the process is known as\u00a0cold rolling<\/a><\/b>. In terms of usage, hot rolling processes more tonnage than any other manufacturing process, and cold rolling processes the most tonnage out of all\u00a0cold working<\/a> processes.\u00a0Roll stands<\/b>\u00a0holding pairs of rolls are grouped together into\u00a0rolling mills<\/b>\u00a0that can quickly process metal, typically\u00a0steel<\/a>, into products such as\u00a0structural steel<\/a>\u00a0(I-beams<\/a>, angle stock, channel stock),\u00a0bar stock<\/a>, and\u00a0rails<\/a>. Most\u00a0steel mills<\/a>\u00a0have rolling mill divisions that convert the\u00a0semi-finished casting products<\/a>into finished products.<\/span><\/p>\n

There are many types of rolling processes, including\u00a0ring rolling<\/i>,\u00a0roll bending<\/i>,\u00a0roll forming<\/i>,\u00a0profile rolling<\/i>, and\u00a0controlled rolling<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Iron and steel<\/span><\/h2>\n

The invention of the rolling mill in Europe may be attributed to\u00a0Leonardo da Vinci<\/a> in his drawings.\u00a0The earliest rolling mills in crude form but the same basic principles were found in Middle East and South Asia as early as 600 BCE. Earliest rolling mills were\u00a0slitting mills<\/a>, which were introduced from what is now\u00a0Belgium<\/a>\u00a0to\u00a0England<\/a> in 1590. These passed flat bars between rolls to form a plate of iron, which was then passed between grooved rolls (slitters) to produce rods of iron.\u00a0The first experiments at rolling iron for tinplate took place about 1670. In 1697,\u00a0Major John Hanbury<\/a>\u00a0erected a mill at\u00a0Pontypool<\/a>\u00a0to roll ‘Pontypool plates’\u2014blackplate<\/a>.\u00a0Later this began to be rerolled and tinned to make\u00a0tinplate<\/a>. The earlier production of plate iron in Europe had been in forges, not rolling mills.<\/span><\/p>\n

The slitting mill was adapted to producing hoops (for barrels) and iron with a half-round or other sections by means that were the subject of two patents of c. 1679.<\/span><\/p>\n

Some of the earliest literature on rolling mills can be traced back to\u00a0Christopher Polhem<\/a>\u00a0in 1761 in\u00a0Patriotista Testamente<\/i>, where he mentions rolling mills for both plate and bar iron.\u00a0He also explains how rolling mills can save on time and labor because a rolling mill can produce 10 to 20 or more bars at the same time.<\/span><\/p>\n

A patent was granted to Thomas Blockley of England in 1759 for the polishing and rolling of metals. Another patent was granted in 1766 to Richard Ford of England for the first tandem mill.<\/sup>\u00a0A tandem mill is one in which the metal is rolled in successive stands; Ford’s tandem mill was for hot rolling of wire rods.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Modern rolling<\/span><\/h2>\n

Modern rolling practice can be attributed to the pioneering efforts of\u00a0Henry Cort<\/a> of Funtley Iron Mills, near Fareham, England. In 1783, a patent was issued to Henry Cort for his use of grooved rolls for rolling iron bars. With this new design, mills were able to produce 15 times more output per day than with a hammer.\u00a0Although Cort was not the first to use grooved rolls, he was the first to combine the use of many of the best features of various ironmaking and shaping processes known at the time. Thus modern writers have called him “father of modern rolling.”<\/span><\/p>\n

The first rail rolling mill was established by\u00a0John Birkenshaw<\/a> in 1820, where he produced fish bellied wrought iron rails in lengths of 15 to 18 feet.\u00a0With the advancement of technology in rolling mills, the size of rolling mills grew rapidly along with the size of the products being rolled. One example of this was at\u00a0The Great Exhibition<\/a> in 1851, where a plate 20 feet long, 3 \u00bd feet wide, and 7\/16 of an inch thick, and weighing 1,125 pounds, was exhibited by the Consett Iron Company.\u00a0Further evolution of the rolling mill came with the introduction of three-high mills in 1853 used for rolling heavy sections.<\/span><\/p>\n

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In\u00a0metalworking,\u00a0rolling\u00a0is a\u00a0metal forming\u00a0process in which\u00a0metal\u00a0stock is passed through one or more pairs of\u00a0rolls\u00a0to reduce the thickness and to make the thickness uniform. The concept is similar to\u00a0the rolling of dough. Rolling is classified according to the temperature of the metal rolled. If the temperature of the metal is above its\u00a0recrystallization\u00a0temperature, then the process is known […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1212,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"yst_prominent_words":[64,77,78,101,108,110,120,137,138,139,144,154,166,177,178,179,180,181,208,210],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/azarghaltak.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1211"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/azarghaltak.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/azarghaltak.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/azarghaltak.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/azarghaltak.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1211"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/azarghaltak.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1211\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/azarghaltak.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1212"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/azarghaltak.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1211"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/azarghaltak.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1211"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/azarghaltak.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1211"},{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/azarghaltak.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=1211"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}